Most people fly to Turkey: check Cheap Airfares & Airlines.
There are other ways to get to Turkey:
Bus
Several Turkish bus companies, including deluxe Varan Turizm, run big, comfortable buses to and from Europe weekly, but it's a long trip, and with airfares so cheap these days, why not fly? More...
Ship
Most ships calling at Turkish ports are for cruises, not simple passage (more on cruise ships docking in Turkey...). As of 2011, there are no longer direct ferries between Turkey and Italy, but you can still travel on this route via Greece and the ferries between the Greek Aegean islands and Turkey. More....
Train
The days of the fabled Orient Express are long gone. Cheap flights, modern buses and the Balkan wars of the 1990s put an end to through trains between Istanbul and Europe.
Still, there is one s-lo-w nightly train, the Bosphorus Express, between Istanbul's Sirkeci Station and, Sofia, Bulgaria; Belgrade, Serbia (Belgrat, 23 hours) and Bucharest, Romania (Bükres, 20 hours), whence you can connect with trains to Budapest (36 hours), Venice, Munich and other destinations in central and western Europe. More...
Car
If you drive your own car to Turkey, you'll need to buy Green Card insurance at the border from the Turkish Touring and Automobile Association. More...